In U.S. history, the practice of giving appointive offices to loyal members of the companionship in power. The name supposedly derived from a speech by Senator William intimate Marcy in which he stated, to the victor belong the spoils. On a national outstrip, the spoils carcass was inaugurated with the development of two political parties, the Federalists and the classless Republicans, and was used by the earliest Presidents, particularly Thomas Jefferson. The form soon became entrenched in state politics and was practiced more extensively on a national scale during the electric pig of Andrew Jackson , who declared (1829) that the federal government would be bettered by having civil servants rotate in office. He replaced incumbent officeholders with members of his own party. Nevertheless, during Jacksons eight years in office not more than one fifth of officeholders were replaced. The dispensation of offices by strict party allegiance was followed in succeeding years and critical foeman grew.
The corruption and inefficiency bred by the system reached staggering proportions in the administration of Ulysses S. Grant, and reaction against this helped bring about civil service reform, which was inaugurated by creation of the Civil Service Commission in 1871. The spoils system has, however, continued for many federal offices and is even more predominant in state and local governments.
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